Data Types

SELECT
  'Hello, World!' AS greeting,
  CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS full_name
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT 'It''s a test' AS escaped_quote

SELECT
  is_active,
  CASE WHEN score > 90 THEN true ELSE false END AS is_high_performer
FROM company_data."123"
WHERE is_verified = true

SELECT
  user_id,
  CAST(timestamp_value AS LONG) AS epoch_millis
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT
  amount * 1.0825 AS amount_with_tax,
  SQRT(value) AS square_root
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT
  CAST(price AS DECIMAL) AS exact_price,
  CAST(quantity AS DECIMAL) * CAST(unit_price AS DECIMAL) AS line_total
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT
  event_date,
  DATE_TRUNC('month', event_date) AS month_start
FROM company_data."123"
WHERE event_date >= '2024-01-01'

SELECT
  event_date,
  DATE_ADD(event_date, 30) AS plus_30_days,
  event_date - INTERVAL '7' DAY AS minus_7_days
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT
  event_timestamp,
  DATE_TRUNC('hour', event_timestamp) AS hour_start
FROM company_data."123"
WHERE event_timestamp > CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - INTERVAL '24' HOUR

SELECT ARRAY('value1', 'value2', 'value3') AS my_array

CAST(column AS ARRAY<STRING>)
CAST(column AS ARRAY<LONG>)
CAST(column AS ARRAY<STRUCT<name:STRING, age:LONG>>)

SELECT
  identifiers[0] AS first_id,
  identifiers[1] AS second_id,
  identifiers[0].type AS first_id_type
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT NAMED_STRUCT(
  'name', 'John Doe',
  'age', 30,
  'active', true
) AS person

CAST(column AS STRUCT<name:STRING, age:LONG>)
CAST(column AS STRUCT<
  user:STRUCT<id:LONG, email:STRING>,
  created_at:TIMESTAMP
>)

SELECT
  person.name,
  person.age,
  address.city
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT
  company_data."1".nested_field.deep_field.value
FROM company_data."1"

CAST(column AS MAP<STRING, STRING>)
CAST(column AS MAP<STRING, LONG>)
CAST(column AS MAP<STRING, STRUCT<a:STRING, b:LONG>>)

SELECT
  ELEMENT_AT(properties, 'color') AS color,
  ELEMENT_AT(metadata, 'source') AS source
FROM company_data."123"

CAST(column AS ARRAY<STRUCT<
  type:STRING,
  value:STRING,
  timestamp:LONG
>>)

SELECT
  identifiers[0].type AS first_type,
  identifiers[0].value AS first_value
FROM company_data."123"

CAST(column AS MAP<STRING, STRUCT<
  count:LONG,
  last_seen:TIMESTAMP
>>)

CAST(column AS STRUCT<
  field1:STRING,
  field2:MAP<STRING, STRUCT<a:LONG>>,
  field3:ARRAY<MAP<STRING, STRING>>
>)

CAST(expression AS target_type)

SELECT
  CAST(numeric_string AS LONG) AS number,
  CAST(amount AS VARCHAR) AS amount_text,
  CAST(timestamp_value AS DATE) AS date_only,
  CAST(epoch_millis AS TIMESTAMP) AS datetime,
  CAST(value AS DECIMAL) AS precise_value
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT
  CAST(raw_array AS ARRAY<STRING>) AS string_array,
  CAST(raw_struct AS STRUCT<id:LONG, name:STRING>) AS typed_struct,
  CAST(NULL AS MAP<STRING, LONG>) AS empty_map
FROM company_data."123"

-- Explicit (preferred)
WHERE CAST(string_column AS LONG) > 100

-- Implicit (may work but less clear)
WHERE string_column > '100'

WHERE email IS NOT NULL
WHERE phone IS NULL

SELECT
  NULL + 1,           -- Returns NULL
  CONCAT('Hi ', NULL) -- Returns NULL

SELECT COALESCE(preferred_email, backup_email, 'unknown') AS email
FROM company_data."123"

SELECT NULLIF(status, 'unknown') AS clean_status
FROM company_data."123"